Maquina d'Antiquitera

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Chiquetas piezas de l'antigo mecanismo d'Antiquitera trobau en o fundo d'as auguas d'a Mar Mediterrania.

O mecanismo d’Antiquitera ye un antigo computador mecanico disenyau ta calcular posicions astronomicas. Estió remontau d'un naufrachio amán d'a isla d'Antiquitera (situata en o sud d'o Peloponeso y noreste de Creta) en as anyadas1900-1901 pero a suya complexidat y significación no estioron replecaus dica quantas decadas dimpués. Agora se crei que estió construyito enta part d'o 150-100 aC. O grau de sofisticación no ye comparable a garra cosa escaicita antis d'os relocheros suizos d'o meyevo tardano. Obchectos de parella complexidat y manya no apareixioron dica o sieglo XIV, quan se prencipioron a veyer per primera vegata en Europa mecanismos astronomicos de reloch. Iste maneficio ye exposato en a Colección de Bronzes d’o Museu Arqueolochico Nacional d’Atenas, acompanyau d’una reconstrucción feita y dada a lo museu per Derek de Solla Price. Atras reconstruccions están exposatas en o Museu Americán de Computadors (Bozeman, Montana), o Museu d’os Ninos de Manhattan (Nueva York, y en Kassel, Alemanya.

Oríchens

O mecanismo ye a mas viella conoixita calculadora scientifica d'o mundo. Contién muitos maneficios y a vegadas ye estau clamato o primer computador analochico que bi ha. Sindembargo, a suya perfecta manufactura suchier que podría haber teniu un numero de predecesors mientres o periodo helenistico, que encara no s'han trobato. Pareix haber estato construyito sobre teorías de matematicas y astronomía desembolicatas per os astronomos griegos y se crei que estió feito sobre lo 150-100 aC. Una hipotesi diz que lo maneficio estió construito en l’Academia fundata per o antigo filosofo Stoico Poseidonio en a isla griega de Rodas, a qual yera allora un puesto important de astronomía y d'incheniería mecanica y que talment, estió lo astronomo Hiparco qui lo disenyó ya que contién un mecanismo lunar que fació servir a teoría suya sobre os movimientos lunars.

Astí se pueden veyer quantos ruellos d'iste complexo y antigo mecanismo

Especulacions sobre as suyas funcions

Mecanismo d'Antiquitera

Derek de Solla Price suchirió que podría haber estau exposato a o publico griego, posiblement en un museu u bella Cambra Publica en Rodas. A isla estió conoixita per as exposicións de maneficios mecanicos, particularment, automatas, que pareix que yeran una especialidat d'os rodans. As prencipals razón en contra de que iste obchecto podese haber estau exposato a lo publico son:

1. . O maneficio ye pro chiquet, isto pareix indicar que o suyo creyador miraba a suya compactura y que per tant, a grandaria d'as suyas caras no permiten pas una exposición a o publico adequata. Una simpla comparanza con a Torre d’os Vientos en Atenas mos ofreix una pista de que l'obchectivo d’a maquina d'Antiquitera estió a movilidat d'o maneficio y no pas estar exposato contino en o mesmo puesto, ya siga iste bell templo u bell museu.
2. . O mecanismo teneba puertas de plata achuntatas a ell, que conteneban a lo menos, 2.000 letras, composando lo que os miembros d'o prochecto d'investigación sobre o mecanismo d’Antiquitera (Antikythera mechanism research project) recentan a ormino como o manual d'instruccions d'o mecanismo. O pincho achuste d'iste manual a lo mecanismo fa posible a facilidat en o transporte y un emplego personal.
3. . L'existencia d'iste “manual d’instruccions” indica que que iste maneficio estió construyito per un experto scientifico y mecanico ta estar emplegato per un inexperto viachero (o texto mos ofreix ampla información sobre lugars bien conoixitos de l'aria mediterrania).

Con tot, bi'n ha tamién razons ta dandaliar d'o suyo emplego en a navegación perque:

1. . Bells datos, como per eixemplo as prediccions d'eclipses que apareixen en l'obchecto, no s'amenistan ta iste emplego en a mar.
2. . L'ambient tant duro que bi ha en a mar, enrobinaría luego os ruellos de que está composato lo mecanismo d'Antiquitera fendo-los inutils ta la navegación.

Vinclos externos

• (en) The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
• (en) The Antikythera Mechanism Exhibitions coordinated by the National Hellenic Research Foundation
• (en) Jo Marchant, Archimedes and the 2000-year-old computer New Scientist, December 12, 2008
• (en) 2000-year-old computer recreated video of how the device works, from New Scientist on YouTube, December 12, 2008
• (en) Jo Marchant, Decoding the Heavens with video
• (en) The Heavens of Poseidon article written in Greek and English languages by John A. Koulouris,(Esq.) for Mythopedia / IN NOMINE Portal (Athens, Greece), regarding the discovery, history, research chronology, and Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
• (en) Minicomputer Systems textbook (1979) by Richard H. Eckhouse and L. Robert Morris, featuring the de Solla Price version of the Antikythera mechanism's gears on the front cover and a system description on the back.
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• (en) USATODAY article 2008-07-30
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• (en) Working hand cranked Antikythera Mechanism made using Lego
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• (en) YAAS-Yet Another Antikythera Simulator. A 3D Simulator in VRML
• (en) X-Tek Systems' Antikythera Page - X-ray CT images of the Antikythera Mechanism.